CAM IELTS 21 - Listening Test 1 with Practice Test, Answers And Explanation

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CAM IELTS 21 - Listening Test 1 with Practice Test, Answers And Explanation

Section

👂️ Bài nghe section 1

Oyster Bay Sailing Club Courses

Name of course
What you learn
Cost
Other information
Taster day
introduction to sailing
£120 if booking one place
small groups (max 1
 people)
Level 1
- basic theory e.g. understanding the 2
 and tides 
- basic sailing skills including 3
 information
- £200 
- 4
 available for club members 
- all inclusive (plus a useful 5
)
a 6
 at the end of the course for all participants

Name of course	What you learn	Cost	Other information
Taster day	introduction to sailing	£120 if booking one place	small groups (max 1 people)
Level 1	- basic theory e.g. understanding the 2 and tides - basic sailing skills including 3 information	- £200 - 4 available for club members - all inclusive (plus a useful 5 )	a 6 at the end of the course for all participants

General information

• Participants must be able to swim.
• Bring suitable clothing, a 
7.
            
﻿
 and toiletries (e.g. shampoo).
• There is a 8.
            
﻿
 at the club.
• Online training 9.
            
﻿
 are recommended.
• 10.
            
﻿
 are available for course participants.

❓ Tapescript section 1

Oyster Bay Sailing Club Courses

WOMAN:

Hello, Oyster Bay Sailing Club. How can I help you?

MAN:

Oh, hi. I'd like to find out about sailing courses for beginners.

WOMAN:

No problem. Is it for yourself?

MAN:

Yes. I had a look online but I'm not sure which course would be best.

WOMAN:

OK. Well, you might be interested in our Taster Days.

MAN:

Possibly.

WOMAN:

So these are for people who've never sailed before.

WOMAN:

It's basically an introduction to sailing,

WOMAN:

to find out whether you enjoy it and want to carry on with it.

MAN:

And how much is that?

WOMAN:

It's £120 for the day but it's reduced to £110 each if there are two of you.

MAN:

No, it would just be me.

WOMAN:

Oh, that's fine. You'd be in a small group,

WOMAN:

usually about eight people but no more than ten, and everyone's always very friendly.

MAN:

Uh-huh. And are there any other suitable courses?

WOMAN:

The other option is the Level 1 course.

WOMAN:

These are two-day weekend courses and we run those all year round.

MAN:

OK. And what do you learn on that course?

WOMAN:

This is a mix of theory and practical skills.

WOMAN:

So you learn about things like the weather, which is obviously really important,

WOMAN:

and also the tides, as well as learning basic sailing skills.

WOMAN:

You go out into the harbour in special training dinghies for beginners,

WOMAN:

two people in each dinghy and an instructor.

WOMAN:

He or she will make sure you understand everything you need to know about safety.

MAN:

It sounds like hard work.

WOMAN:

Yes, but you'll have a lot of fun too.

MAN:

And the cost of that one is?

WOMAN:

£200, but it's a bit cheaper if you decide to join the club.

WOMAN:

There's a discount for members.

MAN:

Well, I'm not sure about that yet.

WOMAN:

You've got plenty of time to decide.

MAN:

And does the cost include everything?

WOMAN:

Yes, everything's included and you also get a really good dictionary explaining

WOMAN:

all the sailing terminology. A lot of people struggle with this at first.

WOMAN:

It's got lots of pictures, so I'm sure you'd find it really helpful.

WOMAN:

And on completion of the course, you get a certificate.

WOMAN:

Then you're ready to move on to the Level 2 course.

MAN:

Sounds good.

WOMAN:

I think that's all the info you need for now, just a couple of general things.

WOMAN:

For example, it's really important that you know how to swim.

MAN:

Yes, I'm pretty confident in the water.

WOMAN:

Great. The other thing I should tell you is that we provide wetsuits and life jackets,

WOMAN:

but you need to bring swimming trunks and some old trainers.

MAN:

And a towel?

WOMAN:

Yes, definitely. And you might want to bring your own toiletries, things like shampoo.

MAN:

OK. What about food and drink? Do I need to bring that, or is there a cafe at the club?

WOMAN:

Yes, you can get sandwiches, cakes and snacks there. The food's pretty reasonable.

MAN:

OK, good. Well, I think I'm interested in the Level 1 course,

MAN:

but I know absolutely nothing about sailing, so is there anything I can do to prepare myself a bit?

WOMAN:

I recommend you watch some videos we use for training.

WOMAN:

They're available online. I can send you the link.

WOMAN:

They'll give you an idea of what to expect.

MAN:

Perfect, thanks. That would be very helpful.

MAN:

Oh, and just one other thing. I'll be cycling to the club and will need somewhere to put valuables.

MAN:

I'm just wondering if there are lockers for people to use?

WOMAN:

Yes, there are plenty in the changing rooms.

MAN:

Great. OK, well, could...

🔥 Đáp án & giải thích section 1

10 / ten

Giải thích chi tiết

❓ Câu hỏi: small groups (max ___ people)

🎯 Xác định loại từ cần điền:

Sau từ max cần một con số / số lượng người.
Cụm small groups cho thấy thông tin cần nghe là quy mô tối đa của nhóm học.

✅ Đáp án đúng: 10 / ten

▶️ Bắt đầu nghe ở: câu người đàn ông nói “No, it would just be me” và ngay sau đó người phụ nữ bắt đầu giải thích về quy mô nhóm học.

☺️ Giải thích đáp án:

Trước khi nghe, hãy gạch chân các từ khóa small groups và max.
Khi nghe, cần chú ý vì người nói sẽ thường đưa ra một số lượng trung bình trước, rồi mới nói đến giới hạn tối đa.
Trong bài nghe, người phụ nữ nói: “usually about eight people but no more than ten”.
Cụm no more than có nghĩa là không quá, tương đương với ý max trong bảng.
Vì vậy, số người tối đa trong mỗi nhóm là 10 / ten.

🧐 Lưu ý: ❌ 8 / eight => đây chỉ là số người thường có trong nhóm (usually about eight people), không phải số lượng tối đa.

Xem full giải thích

Section

👂️ Bài nghe section 2

What should trainees always expect to get when working on low budget short films?

travel expenses

a minimum wage

meals

According to the speaker, on big budget films trainees may get experience of

makeup for special effects.

working with different ethnicities.

creating a variety of hair styles.

The speaker says a problem for makeup artists is

dealing with difficult directors.

being shouted at by their supervisor.

waiting around for hours doing nothing.

How did the speaker feel when she met famous actors for the first time?

very shy

very proud

very disappointed

What advice does the speaker give about makeup kits?

Always carry a basic kit with you.

Only buy the best products for a makeup kit.

Ask other makeup artists to check your kit.

What advice does the speaker give about creating a portfolio?

Keep print and digital photos.

Only include a small selection of photos.

Get permission to use photos.

List of Findings

being well-organised

being flexible

working quickly

Prepping an actor

Continuity

General

Applying makeup

❓ Tapescript section 2

Working as a makeup trainee

MAN:

Hello and welcome to the Filmmaking Podcast.

...:

In this week's episode, Claire Lamar talks to us about how to

...:

become a make-up artist.

...:

Claire has been working as a make-up artist in the film

...:

industry for over 20 years and has lots of useful advice about

...:

how to get started.

WOMEN:

Thanks, Ian.

...:

Well, before you can become a make-up artist on films, you

...:

have to spend about two years working as a make-up trainee.

...:

A good place to get your first job would be on a

...:

low budget short film.

...:

Of course, this means that you'll be working for free, but it's

...:

often worth it for the experience.

...:

Make sure your transport costs are covered and remember, there's very unlikely

...:

to be any catering provided, so bring plenty of food.

...:

If you're lucky, you might start out on a big budget film

...:

where you'll get the most useful experience.

...:

On productions like this, make-up and hairstyling are separate departments, so

...:

you won't need to bring your curling tongs, but you're likely to

...:

get the opportunity to work with a range of age groups as

...:

well as different ethnicities.

...:

Doing make-up for special effects is highly specialized, so don't expect

...:

to be offered any practical experience in that.

...:

One problem with working in the make-up department is that it's

...:

a high-pressure environment.

...:

There are very few times when you'll be bored or have nothing

...:

to do.

...:

It can be stressful, but you'll see that the top make-up

...:

artists are very professional, even when they're having to work with directors

...:

who are impatient or unhappy with the make-up artists' work.

...:

Follow your supervisor's lead and try to remain calm at all times.

...:

I've worked with many very famous actors over the years.

...:

At first, I found it overwhelming and could hardly speak.

...:

I was so in awe.

...:

That's preferable, by the way, to becoming too excited and asking for

...:

selfies.

...:

Now, meeting the talent is just a normal part of the job,

...:

and to be honest, most actors don't look that special without all

...:

the make-up.

...:

Every make-up trainee will need a make-up kit, which they'll

...:

be expected to have with them at all times.

...:

Just the essentials will do for the kinds of tasks you'll be

...:

given.

...:

It won't be anything complicated.

...:

It's worth looking at what the other make-up artists have in

...:

their kits, but whatever you do, don't borrow anything without asking first.

...:

It's very important to build your portfolio.

...:

You should take photos of all the work you do and, ideally,

...:

show the different stages of make-up application if you can.

...:

But remember, you'll need to get approval from the make-up designer

...:

in charge of the department.

...:

As you'll be sending your portfolio digitally, you won't need to get

...:

photos printed.

...:

Before you hear the rest of the podcast, you have some time

...:

to look at questions 17 to 20.

...:

Now listen and answer questions 17 to 20.

...:

So what does a make-up trainee actually do?

...:

You need to think about whether you're the right kind of person

...:

to do the job and whether you'd enjoy it.

...:

So, to give you some idea, here are some of the things

...:

you might be required to do.

...:

You may be asked to help prep an actor ready for make

...:

-up.

...:

Some actors will arrive having already cleansed and moisturized their skin.

...:

But sometimes you'll need to step in and get this done without

...:

wasting any time.

...:

Otherwise, the make-up artist will get behind schedule.

...:

Trainees play a useful role in continuity.

...:

It will be your responsibility to take photos, log them digitally, and

...:

print out a hard copy to put in each actor's file.

...:

This information needs to be kept in good order as a reshoot

...:

can mean replicating make-up months later.

...:

General duties mean doing anything from getting the teas and coffees to

...:

putting on a wash.

...:

Having a positive attitude and being willing to do whatever is asked

...:

of you will help you get your next film job.

...:

You won't be asked to apply make-up to any of the

...:

principal cast, only the extras.

...:

If there are dozens of extras involved, you'll need to keep up

...:

a swift pace and not spend too long on each person.

...:

It takes quite a lot of confidence to be able to do

...:

this well.

...:

Okay, now about terms and conditions...

...:

That is the end of part two.

...:

You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part two.

🔥 Đáp án & giải thích section 2

Giải thích chi tiết

❓Câu hỏi: What should trainees always expect to get when working on low budget short films?

✅ Đáp án đúng: A. travel expenses

▶️ Bắt đầu nghe ở: Đoạn Claire nói về nơi phù hợp để có công việc đầu tiên: “A good place to get your first job would be on a low budget short film.”

☺️ Giải thích đáp án:

Đọc câu hỏi, xác định từ khóa cần nghe: always expect to get, low budget short films.
Trong audio, sau khi nhắc đến low budget short film, Claire nói rõ: “you’ll be working for free” → nghĩa là không có lương.
Sau đó cô ấy dặn: “Make sure your transport costs are covered” → tức là khoản người làm trainee nên luôn yêu cầu/phải được chi trả là chi phí đi lại.
Claire cũng nói “there’s very unlikely to be any catering provided” → nghĩa là thường sẽ không có đồ ăn.
Vì vậy, thứ trainees nên mong đợi nhận được là travel expenses → chọn A.

🧐 Lưu ý: ❌ B. a minimum wage => Audio nói rõ “you’ll be working for free”, nên không có lương tối thiểu. ❌ C. meals => Claire nói “there’s very unlikely to be any catering provided”, tức là rất có thể không có bữa ăn, nên đây là bẫy dễ nhầm.

Xem full giải thích

Section

👂️ Bài nghe section 3

Which TWO features of the lecture on ocean biodiversity had the greatest impact on the students?

the references to local problems

the broad focus of the examples

the practical suggestions for solutions

the type of issues discussed

the implications for government policy

Which TWO details about the research project particularly impressed the students?

the team's previous successes

its wide geographical scale

the use of new technology

the extensive statistical evidence

the large range of specialists involved

List of Findings

This is aimed at a very specialist audience.

This is now rather outdated.

This was an effective description of a new danger.

This suggests possible ways to improve the situation.

This does not give a balanced account.

This is too predictable to be useful.

This gives insufficient evidence for its claims.

This gives a clear explanation of the problems.

Article on invasive lionfish

Documentary on microplastics

Podcast on ocean pollution

Book on coastal ecosystems

Article on metal toxicity

Podcast on floating marine cities

❓ Tapescript section 3

Lecture on ocean biodiversity

PHIL:

That lecture from the visiting speaker yesterday was good, wasn't it?

LUCY:

Yeah, I learned a lot from her about ocean biodiversity.

LUCY:

I've already done some reading on it and I did an assignment

LUCY:

on some of the problems associated with it last year.

LUCY:

But I especially liked the way her lecture focused on more long

LUCY:

-term issues.

PHIL:

Yes, things that aren't currently receiving widespread attention but are likely

PHIL:

to be important in the future.

PHIL:

That impressed me too.

PHIL:

It wasn't exactly a feel-good conclusion, because it's hard to see

PHIL:

any real solution for a lot of the problems.

LUCY:

No, though she did point to where policy changes could be made

LUCY:

to protect our marine and coastal environments.

PHIL:

But that's just at a national level.

PHIL:

The examples she gave were at a more global level and they

PHIL:

really made it clear to me just how wide-ranging the threats

PHIL:

to ocean biodiversity are.

LUCY:

Yes, me too.

PHIL:

The research project she described was impressive, wasn't it?

PHIL:

I'd have thought it was quite unusual to have so many experts

PHIL:

working together.

LUCY:

Yeah, and from such different backgrounds.

LUCY:

Must have been a really exciting team to work with.

LUCY:

I'd heard of a couple of them before.

LUCY:

They were involved in research way back in 2009, warning about the

LUCY:

dangers of ocean pollution.

PHIL:

But now people are much more aware of that, aren't they?

LUCY:

I suppose so.

PHIL:

Another thing about the research is that the team members came from

PHIL:

all around the world.

PHIL:

Though I suppose that's not unusual nowadays.

PHIL:

Now everyone can work remotely.

LUCY:

Right.

LUCY:

I like the way she didn't bombard us with figures.

LUCY:

I mean, they were available, but she focused more on the general

LUCY:

points they indicated.

PHIL:

And the description of improvements in systems used for tracking marine

PHIL:

animals.

PHIL:

And things like robots were really interesting.

LUCY:

Yes, and her description of how robotics can be used to investigate

LUCY:

threats to biodiversity.

PHIL:

Absolutely.

PHIL:

While you're here, can we talk about the list of resources we

PHIL:

have to evaluate for the seminar tomorrow?

PHIL:

I've had a look at them all, but it's been a bit

PHIL:

of a rush.

LUCY:

Yeah.

LUCY:

What did you think of that article on invasive lionfish?

LUCY:

The one claiming they were expanding their habitat throughout the Mediterranean Sea.

PHIL:

Well, the writer went on about how dangerous they were in environmental

PHIL:

terms, which is probably true, but he didn't really provide much information

PHIL:

to explain why.

LUCY:

I know what you mean.

PHIL:

I watched the documentary on microplastics, at least I started to,

PHIL:

but then I found it was made ten years ago, so

PHIL:

I gave up.

LUCY:

I watched to the end, but you're right, it was showing its

LUCY:

age.

LUCY:

People had hardly heard of microplastics then, whereas now everyone knows about

LUCY:

them and how dangerous they are.

PHIL:

Yeah.

PHIL:

Did you listen to the podcast on ocean pollution?

LUCY:

Mm.

LUCY:

I didn't get anything out of it though.

LUCY:

Most of it was stating the obvious.

PHIL:

Yes.

PHIL:

It mentioned pesticides and plastic and things, and it clearly made the

PHIL:

point that they were a bad thing.

PHIL:

But everybody knows that anyway.

PHIL:

Did you read that book on coastal ecosystems?

LUCY:

The one by John Harper?

LUCY:

Yes.

LUCY:

I found it hard going at first.

LUCY:

It went into a lot of detail about things like the effects

LUCY:

of offshore wind farms and fish farms.

LUCY:

But actually, I ended up with a much better understanding of the

LUCY:

issues.

PHIL:

Yes, I agree, and I thought it was a well-written summary

PHIL:

of those.

PHIL:

And the diagrams helped a lot too.

LUCY:

The article on metal toxicity was way above my head.

LUCY:

I didn't know anything about how metals from industrial emissions react in

LUCY:

the ocean, and I still don't understand it.

PHIL:

I gave up reading after the first chapter.

PHIL:

I just couldn't follow it.

LUCY:

That podcast on floating marine cities was interesting, though it presented a

LUCY:

rather one-sided picture, I thought.

PHIL:

Yes.

PHIL:

It focused on how this would benefit people and ignored the effects

PHIL:

on the environment.

LUCY:

But anyway, shall we …

🔥 Đáp án & giải thích section 3

Giải thích chi tiết

❓ Câu hỏi: Which TWO features of the lecture on ocean biodiversity had the greatest impact on the students?

✅ Đáp án đúng: B. the broad focus of the examples D. the type of issues discussed

▶️ Bắt đầu nghe ở: Đoạn người nói bắt đầu nhắc đến điều họ thích nhất trong bài lecture, với tín hiệu như “But I especially liked the way her lecture focused on…”.

☺️ Giải thích đáp án:

Trước khi nghe, cần gạch chân các từ khóa features of the lecture và had the greatest impact. Nghĩa là ta phải nghe xem điểm nào của bài giảng khiến hai sinh viên ấn tượng nhất.
Lucy nói: “I especially liked the way her lecture focused on more long-term issues.” → Cụm especially liked cho biết đây là chi tiết cô ấy thấy ấn tượng đặc biệt. → long-term issues tương ứng với loại vấn đề được thảo luận, nên chọn D.
Phil tiếp tục nói: “things that aren't currently receiving widespread attention but are likely to be important in the future” → Câu này paraphrase cho ý long-term issues: những vấn đề chưa được chú ý rộng rãi hiện tại nhưng sẽ quan trọng trong tương lai. → Điều này càng xác nhận đáp án D.
Sau đó Phil nói: “The examples she gave were at a more global level…” và “made it clear to me just how wide-ranging the threats…” → at a more global level cho thấy các ví dụ có phạm vi rộng, không chỉ bó hẹp ở một nơi cụ thể. → Vì vậy đáp án đúng là B. the broad focus of the examples.
Hai đặc điểm gây ấn tượng mạnh nhất là loại vấn đề mang tính dài hạn và các ví dụ có phạm vi rộng / toàn cầu, nên chọn B và D.

🧐 Lưu ý: ❌ A. the references to local problems => Dễ nhầm vì có nhắc đến marine and coastal environments, nhưng sau đó người nói nhấn mạnh ví dụ ở global level, không phải local problems. ❌ C. the practical suggestions for solutions => Có nhắc đến policy changes could be made, nhưng Phil nói ngay là “But that's just at a national level” và trước đó cũng nói hard to see any real solution, nên đây không phải điểm gây ấn tượng lớn nhất. ❌ E. the implications for government policy => Có xuất hiện ý policy changes, nhưng đó chỉ là chi tiết phụ; trọng tâm ấn tượng chính vẫn là long-term issues và global / wide-ranging examples.

Xem full giải thích

Section

👂️ Bài nghe section 4

Sources of rubber

Three resources which are essential for industrial civilisation
• 
31.
            
﻿

• fossil fuels
• rubber
Natural rubber
This mainly comes from the Para rubber tree, now cultivated in South-East Asia.
The supply is limited because
• the growth of the tree is 
32.
            
﻿
.
• production cannot easily be adjusted because of increasing or decreasing 33.
            
﻿
.
• the tree only grows near the 34.
            
﻿
.
• extracting the latex (rubber) is labour-intensive
• it is very difficult to 35.
            
﻿
 rubber after production.
New threats include
• lack of genetic diversity, leading to danger of disease caused by a 
36.
            
﻿
.
• a shift to the cultivation of palm oil
• extreme 37.
            
﻿
 events.
Synthetic rubber
• may be used for engine parts and cooking utensils
• is less 
38.
            
﻿
 than natural rubber
• is unsuitable for many purposes e.g. the tyres of aircraft.
An alternative source of natural rubber
• A wild flower (a type of dandelion) has rubber in its 
39.
            
﻿
.
• It can be grown in many locations and does not require good 40.
            
﻿
.

❓ Tapescript section 4

Sources of rubber

Much of the world now lives in an industrial civilisation, but this

has only become possible because we have the necessary natural resources.

There are three types of natural resource, without which industry could not

exist.

One of these is metal.

Without that, we'd have no machines and no transportation.

Another is fossil fuels, which we need to power those machines.

But there's a third resource that's essential to connect the different parts

of a machine together with belts and pipes and shock absorbers, and

that is rubber.

It's now used in over 40,000 products, from waterproof footwear to

surgical gloves.

At present, we have two types of rubber in common use.

One is natural rubber, which nearly all comes from the Pará rubber

tree.

This was originally native to Brazil, but is now cultivated on plantations

in Southeast Asia.

Recently, however, concern's been growing that supplies may soon be

insufficient for the world's needs.

So what exactly is limiting the supply of natural rubber?

Well, for one thing, rubber trees don't just spring up overnight.

It can take 8 to 10 years for a tree to start

producing rubber, so cultivating them's a slow process.

And this leads to another problem.

With most crops, farmers don't have to think very far ahead, so

they can easily change what crop they produce, or how much of

a crop they produce, if they find the demand for that crop

is rising or falling.

But if you have to plant 8 or 10 years ahead, that's

much harder.

And also, the rubber tree's very choosy about where it grows.

It needs the right temperature, the right amount of rainfall, and the

right altitude – not too high and not too low.

The result is that it can't be grown in the northern or

southern parts of the globe, only around the equator.

Another problem is that the rubber is basically extracted in the same

way as it's been done for hundreds of years, and that's by

hand – by making small cuts in the trunk of the tree,

and putting a little cup there to catch the latex, as the

rubber is called.

It's very labour-intensive.

And it's not just the initial production that's limiting supplies.

With other resources, such as water and glass, when we've finished using

them, we can recycle them.

But although this is also possible with rubber, it's very difficult, so

that also reduces the amount we have available.

And in the last few years, there have been new threats to

the supply of natural rubber.

One problem is linked to the fact that nearly all the rubber

trees in Southeast Asia are descended from just a small number of

seeds brought from Brazil in the 19th century.

This means that there's very little genetic diversity among the trees, which

in turn makes them very vulnerable to disease.

The most dangerous threat is a fungus, which destroyed large numbers of

rubber trees in Brazil, and which could cause devastation to plantations

worldwide.

Another problem is that farmers in Southeast Asia are increasingly turning to

the cultivation of palm oil, which is easier and more profitable for

them.

And finally, in recent years, Southeast Asia, like other parts of the

world, has been repeatedly hit by extreme types of weather, and this

looks likely to continue in the future.

However, as well as using natural rubber, it's also possible to make

rubber synthetically.

This works very well for some purposes, for example making engine parts

or silicon pots and pans used for cooking.

But compared with natural rubber, it's not anything like as strong, and

this means it can't replace natural rubber in other products.

For example, while a mixture of natural rubber and synthetic rubber works

well in car tyres, only natural rubber can stand up to the

extreme speeds of aircraft tyres during take-off and landing.

So for some time, scientists have been looking for alternative sources of

natural rubber.

One that's been known about for some time seems initially to be

a rather unlikely source.

It's a wild plant with yellow flowers that we normally regard as

a weed when we see it in our gardens.

But when it's pulled up and its roots cut open, they're found

to contain rubber.

Now compared to the rubber tree, dandelions produce relatively small amounts of

rubber, but unlike rubber trees, they're very adaptable.

They'll grow in all sorts of places, and they don't need rich

soil.

So at present, there are several projects underway investigating the

possibility of using dandelions as a source of rubber.

Another possibility is a desert shrub grown in Mexico and Texas, which

is also…

🔥 Đáp án & giải thích section 4

metal / metals

Giải thích chi tiết

❓ Câu hỏi: Three resources which are essential for industrial civilisation: _______, fossil fuels, rubber

🎯 Xác định loại từ cần điền:

Chỗ trống cần một danh từ song song với fossil fuels, rubber.
Cụm trước đó là three resources which are essential for industrial civilisation nên ta cần nghe tên của một loại tài nguyên thiên nhiên.
Thông tin có thể là nguyên liệu cơ bản phục vụ cho industry.

✅ Đáp án đúng: metal

▶️ Bắt đầu nghe ở: câu nói về three types of natural resource và thông tin giới thiệu loại tài nguyên đầu tiên.

☺️ Giải thích đáp án:

Trước khi nghe, xác định từ khóa chính là three resources, và essential for industrial civilisation.
Khi nghe, người nói mở đầu bằng câu: “There are three types of natural resource, without which industry could not exist.”
Ngay sau đó, người nói nói tiếp: “One of these is metal.”
Cụm One of these dùng để chỉ một trong ba loại tài nguyên vừa được nhắc đến.
Vì vậy, đáp án cần điền là metal.

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