Which paragraph contains the following information?
1
A figure indicating the environmental impact of agricultural practices
2
An outline of two basic aims which food systems need to achieve
3
An illustration of a drop in the amount of basic foodstuffs being produced
4
A mention of a lack of public awareness of how food systems affect climate change
5
A mention of the two-way relationship between farming and climate change
6
A reference to how food systems need to vary according to region
Question 7 - 10
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
The public's perception of their contribution to climate change
People, especially in richer countries, are increasingly concerned about the impact of their personal on the environment. When thinking about how their lifestyles affect climate change, people tend to focus on the car they use or on the amount of that they consume. Not many people consider the environmental effects of what they eat, even though food systems are responsible for a large proportion of the being released. In fact, the impact of food systems exceeds the contribution to climate change of all throughout the world.
Question 11 - 14
Write the correct letters A-E.
Which TWO solutions to the problem of food waste does the writer mention?
Which TWO facts about food waste does the writer mention?
A
the countries In the world which waste most food
B
the percentage of food which is wasted by retailers
C
the total annual proportion of food wasted worldwide
D
the impact of food waste on global warming
E
the rate at which global food waste is increasing each year
Which TWO solutions to the problem of food waste does the writer mention?
A
selling products which have minor imperfections
B
limiting the range of perishable goods on offer in retail outlets
C
encouraging consumers to keep food for longer rather than discarding it
D
shifting food production to countries whose inhabitants are undernourished
E
increasing refrigeration facilities in poorer regions of the world
DOL IELTS Đình Lực
📖 Bài đọc (reading passage)
The Global Effect of Food Systems
A
A. Did you know that what's on your plate plays a larger role in contributing to climate change than the car you drive? Many people, especially in wealthier countries, are becoming worried about how much their individual carbon footprint is contributing to climate change. However, when they consider these issues, they'll usually think about what vehicle they drive and how much electricity they use in their home, but not so much about farming machinery, processed meals or food waste. Few consider the impacts of the food they eat, despite the fact that worldwide food systems account for roughly one quarter of all manmade emission of greenhouse gases. That's more than the entire global transportation sector.
B
B.
The most immediate threat from climate change for most of the global population will be at the dinner table, as our ability to grow critical staple crops is being affected by the global warming we've already experienced. Between 1980 and 2008, for instance, wheat yields fell by 5.5% and maize yields by 3.8% due to rising temperatures. Climate change threatens the food security of millions of poor people around the world. And yet what we see is that while food and agriculture are massively impacted by climate change, they are also, simultaneously, major contributors to it. What all of this tells us is that our food systems, as currently structured, are facing major challenges.
C
So what are food systems? Everything from seed and soil, to the supermarket to the plate to the landfill site. Food systems include the growing, harvesting, processing, packaging, transporting, marketing, consumption and disposal of food and food-related items. While farming alone accounts for 10-12% of global greenhouse gas emissions, when we look at entire food systems the contributions to climate change more than double. A recent report published by the not-for-profit organisation Meridian Institute lays out the many factors throughout food systems that spell trouble for the climate, and also explains why a broad systems-wide perspective is necessary for implementing effective changes.
D
Consider the impact of deforestation as forests are cleared for the purpose of making land available for other uses. Worldwide, 80% of deforestation is carried out to create farmland, with potentially serious consequences for climate change. The world's forests are massive carbon sinks, vital natural 'reservoirs' which remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it. So is soil, which locks away - or 'sequesters' - two to three times as much carbon as there is present in the atmosphere. However, there are ways to produce food without adding to climate change. Environmentally responsible farming can help restore ecosystem functions by producing crops and livestock in productive ways that sequester carbon and preserve forests.
E
Or consider food waste. Not just the scraps that we throw away, but throughout the entire food system. Every year, a staggering 30-40% of the food produced in the world is never eaten. Some never gets harvested, some spoils before it reaches consumers, and a lot is tossed away by supermarkets, restaurants and at home. For the sake of comparing emissions, if food waste were a country in its own right, it would be the world's third largest contributor to global warming, after only China and the United States. This says nothing of the gross injustice of wasting so much food while so many in the world go hungry. In the developing world, improving infrastructure along the food chain - including cold storage - would prevent much good food being lost. In the developed world, retailers can prevent large amounts of waste by finding outlets for slightly flawed or blemished goods, and consumers can limit waste by buying food in amounts they actually want and need.
F
The complex, dynamic and widely diverse forms of the world's many food systems yield some wildly divergent outcomes in terms of nutrition, health, and environmental and climate impacts. Just as there's no universal crop that grows everywhere, there's no 'one size fits all' model food system to implement across the world. It is critical that we start to better examine what works in some systems and what must be improved in others, in order to produce more just and sustainable outcomes around the world. It's time to look beyond farming and agriculture and to see the whole picture, to create systems that cause less harm to the climate and are more resilient to the impacts we're already suffering from global warming. Food is a fundamental human need and to eat is a basic human right. Our food systems must deliver that need, without worsening the impacts of climate change.
🔥 Answer key (đáp án và giải thích)
1
C
Giải thích chi tiết
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Step 01: Read the question to predict
Hiểu câu hỏi: A figure indicating the environmental impact of agricultural practices
Specify & Predict: Tìm đoạn văn chứa số liệu (phần trăm, tỷ lệ,...) liên quan đến việc nông nghiệp gây hại thế nào đến môi trường, ví dụ: lượng khí thải CO2, tỷ lệ phần trăm khí nhà kính từ việc trồng trọt...
-------
Step 02: Khoanh vùng đoạn văn
🔍 Từ khóa: “figure", "environmental impact", "agricultural practices"
→ Dựa vào các từ khoá trên, có thể khoanh vùng được đoạn C vì có xuất hiện các cụm như:
"farming alone accounts for 10-12%" (riêng việc canh tác nông nghiệp chiếm 10-12% - một con số cụ thể);
"global greenhouse gas emissions" (lượng phát thải khí nhà kính toàn cầu - tác động môi trường).
→ Đoạn cung cấp số liệu cụ thể (10–12%) thể hiện rõ tác động môi trường của nông nghiệp.
The most immediate threat from climate change for most of the global population will be at the dinner table, as our ability to grow critical staple crops is being affected by the global warming we've already experienced. Between 1980 and 2008, for instance, wheat yields fell by 5.5% and maize yields by 3.8% due to rising temperatures. Climate change threatens the food security of millions of poor people around the world. And yet what we see is that while food and agriculture are massively impacted by climate change, they are also, simultaneously, major contributors to it. What all of this tells us is that our food systems, as currently structured, are facing major challenges.
C. So what are food systems? Everything from seed and soil, to the supermarket to the plate to the landfill site. Food systems include the growing, harvesting, processing, packaging, transporting, marketing, consumption and disposal of food and food-related items. While farming alone accounts for 10-12% of global greenhouse gas emissions, when we look at entire food systems the contributions to climate change more than double. A recent report published by the not-for-profit organisation Meridian Institute lays out the many factors throughout food systems that spell trouble for the climate, and also explains why a broad systems-wide perspective is necessary for implementing effective changes.
D. Consider the impact of deforestation as forests are cleared for the purpose of making land available for other uses. Worldwide, 80% of deforestation is carried out to create farmland, with potentially serious consequences for climate change. The world's forests are massive carbon sinks, vital natural 'reservoirs' which remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store it. So is soil, which locks away - or 'sequesters' - two to three times as much carbon as there is present in the atmosphere. However, there are ways to produce food without adding to climate change. Environmentally responsible farming can help restore ecosystem functions by producing crops and livestock in productive ways that sequester carbon and preserve forests.
E. Or consider food waste. Not just the scraps that we throw away, but throughout the entire food system. Every year, a staggering 30-40% of the food produced in the world is never eaten. Some never gets harvested, some spoils before it reaches consumers, and a lot is tossed away by supermarkets, restaurants and at home. For the sake of comparing emissions, if food waste were a country in its own right, it would be the world's third largest contributor to global warming, after only China and the United States. This says nothing of the gross injustice of wasting so much food while so many in the world go hungry. In the developing world, improving infrastructure along the food chain - including cold storage - would prevent much good food being lost. In the developed world, retailers can prevent large amounts of waste by finding outlets for slightly flawed or blemished goods, and consumers can limit waste by buying food in amounts they actually want and need.
F. The complex, dynamic and widely diverse forms of the world's many food systems yield some wildly divergent outcomes in terms of nutrition, health, and environmental and climate impacts. Just as there's no universal crop that grows everywhere, there's no 'one size fits all' model food system to implement across the world. It is critical that we start to better examine what works in some systems and what must be improved in others, in order to produce more just and sustainable outcomes around the world. It's time to look beyond farming and agriculture and to see the whole picture, to create systems that cause less harm to the climate and are more resilient to the impacts we're already suffering from global warming. Food is a fundamental human need and to eat is a basic human right. Our food systems must deliver that need, without worsening the impacts of climate change.
