CAM IELTS 21 - Listening Test 3 with Practice Test, Answers And Explanation

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CAM IELTS 21 - Listening Test 3 with Practice Test, Answers And Explanation

Section

👂️ Bài nghe section 1

Ferry to Shetland Islands:
Name of ferry company: 
1.
            
﻿
 Ferries
Ferries depart seven times per 
2.
            
﻿
 in summer
Cost for four people with car: a little less than 
3.
            
﻿
Cancellation policy: receive a 
4.
            
﻿
 (if cancelled a month in advance)
Advice
Cabins:
book one with a 
5.
            
﻿

luxury cabins have a TV
Bring snacks and 
6.
            
﻿
 for the children
A 
7.
            
﻿
 is required for the dog kennels
Try to see 
8.
            
﻿
 in the morning
If time, visit 
9.
            
﻿
 Castle
The 
10.
            
﻿
 restaurant in a nearby village is recommended

❓ Tapescript section 1

Ferry to Shetland Islands

...:

Part 1.

...:

You will hear a woman asking a friend for advice on travelling by ferry to an island in Scotland.

...:

First, you have some time to look at questions 1 to 4.

...:

Now listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 4.

Tammy:

You know, when you went to the Shetland Islands last year, Paul, did you go by ferry or did you fly?

Paul:

We went by ferry, Tammy.

Paul:

I prefer driving to flying.

Paul:

The journey feels like part of the holiday.

Tammy:

Which ferry company did you use?

Paul:

There's only one.

Paul:

It's called Northern Ferries.

Paul:

The ferries all leave from Aberdeen.

Tammy:

How frequent are they?

Paul:

The service is pretty limited.

Paul:

There's only one ferry leaving every evening in summer anyway, seven days a week.

Paul:

I'm not sure about the winter months.

Paul:

They may only run on four or five days then.

Tammy:

OK, so it's an overnight trip.

Tammy:

I quite like that idea, leaving at night and waking up as you arrive on the island.

Tammy:

Can you remember how much you paid for your tickets?

Paul:

They were really cheap and four people and a car worked out at just under £250.

Tammy:

Really?

Tammy:

I was expecting it to be more like £400 during the peak season.

Paul:

So was I.

Paul:

It's great value.

Paul:

It's a good idea to book in advance because I think they get booked up quite quickly, especially during the school holidays.

Tammy:

Yes, I suppose so.

Tammy:

I'm just not 100% sure of our plans yet.

Tammy:

What if I had to cancel?

Paul:

That could be a problem.

Paul:

I don't think it's their policy to give refunds, just a voucher, which you can use at a later date.

Paul:

But you have to cancel a month in advance to get that.

Tammy:

Right.

Tammy:

Well, we need to make up our minds quickly then.

...:

Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions five to ten.

...:

Now listen and answer questions five to ten.

Paul:

You'd want to book a cabin too.

Paul:

We booked too late to get a cabin with a window.

Paul:

They're more expensive but much nicer than the inner cabins.

Paul:

You don't have to book a cabin at all, but I think it's worth paying for.

Paul:

They also have luxury cabins, which are only for two people and have a TV, but I wouldn't bother with those.

Tammy:

No, I agree.

Paul:

The only other thing I can think of is to make sure you bring snacks for the kids.

Paul:

The selection on board is quite limited and not that healthy either.

Tammy:

What about Wi-Fi on board?

Tammy:

Is that any good?

Paul:

Not really, so it's best to bring some books for them.

Tammy:

OK.

Tammy:

We may need to bring the dog if I can't get anyone to look after him.

Paul:

We brought ours and it was fine.

Paul:

The kennels on board are OK.

Paul:

They're quite big.

Paul:

You just need to provide a blanket.

Tammy:

Sounds good.

Paul:

It was all very easy, really, and it was quite an adventure for the kids.

Paul:

They loved being on the sea at night and in the morning keeping a lookout for dolphins.

Paul:

We saw loads.

Tammy:

Oh, the kids would love that.

Paul:

One other thing.

Paul:

We arrived in Aberdeen hours before the ferry was due to leave, so we decided to go somewhere else rather than hang around at the port for so long.

Tammy:

Where did you go?

Paul:

Drum Castle.

Tammy:

I've never heard of it.

Tammy:

Is that spelt like the instrument?

Paul:

Yeah.

Paul:

It's really worth visiting.

Paul:

It's got an impressive tower and beautiful gardens and ancient woodland.

Tammy:

Sounds lovely.

Tammy:

Does it have a restaurant?

Paul:

It's only got a coffee shop, no restaurant.

Paul:

We looked up restaurants in the area and found an Italian one in a village nearby.

Paul:

I can check the name of it for you if you're interested.

Tammy:

Oh, thanks Paul.

Tammy:

That would be great.

...:

That is the end of part one.

...:

You now have one minute to check your answers to part one.

🔥 Đáp án & giải thích section 1

Northern

Giải thích chi tiết

❓ Câu hỏi: Name of ferry company: 1 ________ Ferries

🎯 Xác định loại từ cần điền:

Chỗ trống cần một danh từ riêng đứng trước Ferries.
Đây là tên của công ty phà, vì vậy cần chú ý nghe tên riêng.
Tên công ty thường xuất hiện ngay sau khi người hỏi hỏi về ferry company.

✅ Đáp án đúng: Northern

▶️ Bắt đầu nghe ở: đoạn Tammy hỏi Which ferry company did you use?.

☺️ Giải thích đáp án:

Trước khi nghe, xác định từ khóa chính là ferry company.
Người hỏi nói: “Which ferry company did you use?”
Người nói trả lời: “It's called Northern Ferries.”
Đề bài đã cho sẵn từ Ferries, vì vậy chỉ cần điền từ còn thiếu trong tên công ty.
Vì vậy, đáp án cần điền là Northern.

Xem full giải thích

Section

👂️ Bài nghe section 2

Which TWO explanations for the popularity of street food are given?

low price

locally sourced

freshly made

convenience

unusual food

Which TWO places are recommended for new street food businesses?

music festivals

food markets

weddings

parties

parks

What does the speaker say about getting equipment for a street food business?

High quality equipment is a good investment.

It's best to buy second-hand equipment.

Renting equipment can be cheap.

What advice is given about creating a product for a street food business?

Provide information about the ingredients.

It is important to have an original product.

The presentation is an important factor.

List of Findings

Some ingredients were too expensive

The meals took a long time to prepare

They had no money for marketing

It was difficult to get a permit to sell food

A competitor was selling similar food in their area

They worked very long hours

Thai Basil

Basque

Lou's kitchen

Chip Chop

❓ Tapescript section 2

Popularity of street food

You will hear a man giving a talk to people who are interested in starting their own street food business.

First, you have some time to look at questions 11 to 14.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 14.

Good evening everyone, my name's John and I run VegOut, a street food business selling vegan food.

Since 2012 I've been travelling all around the country cooking vegan food in my converted van and selling it at all kinds of outdoor events.

I'm here to give you some advice based on my experience.

The good news is that there's never been a better time to start your own street food business.

Street food continues to grow in popularity.

I think there are a couple of reasons for this.

The first is that street food is a reaction against fast food.

Street food ranges from high quality burgers to vegan curries and everything in between.

But while fast food is cheap and easy to find, it's not particularly good for you.

It's also the same everywhere.

What you get with street food on the other hand is something different.

People like the idea of trying something they can't get anywhere else.

They also like seeing food prepared in front of them and which hasn't come straight out of a freezer.

You need to think about the best place to sell your street food.

People always think music festivals are an obvious place to start but the cost of renting a space can be huge and there's always a lot of competition.

Food markets on the other hand are great because customers are always really interested in food and give great feedback.

And if you can get a spot in your local park, fantastic.

Usually very relaxed but with lots of customers passing by.

Once you get established you'll start getting asked to do parties which can be really challenging but lots of fun.

Having street food at weddings has become quite fashionable too but you need to really know what you're doing as everything needs to be perfect.

Before you hear the rest of the talk you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20.

Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20.

Setting up a street food business costs a lot less than opening a restaurant or cafe but you'll have to buy some basic equipment.

I try to get things like hobs and fridges second hand if you can.

You can replace them with better quality stuff if your business takes off.

Renting is another option but you'll end up spending more money rather than saving it.

You've probably got a good idea about the food you're planning to sell.

I expect you've done some research to find out if anyone else is selling a similar product and you'll have thought about any possible allergies to nuts or eggs etc.

But there's one thing people don't always think about and that's how you're going to serve it.

On a plate?

In a bag?

Will you provide a fork?

Will it all be easily recyclable or reusable?

It's got to be easy to eat and look attractive or customers won't come back.

Once you get started you should be prepared for things to go wrong.

Every business faces problems and here are a few examples from street food businesses that I know.

My friends who run Thai Basil started by juggling their street food business with their day jobs in a restaurant.

Their work-life balance was non-existent as they were working till midnight in the restaurant all week and then took their food truck to markets on their days off.

The owners of Basque found it was hard to make a profit because the price of fish, essential for some of their dishes, was so high.

And it was hard to charge customers a lot more for those dishes.

So they had to stop focusing on fish dishes and include more vegetarian food.

The owners of Lou's Kitchen were making salads to order from their van and some of their dishes were quite complicated.

At one of their first events they ended up with people standing in a long queue for more than 15 minutes and many of them lost patience.

So make sure whatever you offer can be served quickly and efficiently.

The owners of Chip Chop had found a perfect venue near a beach where there weren't any other street food trucks.

But what they hadn't realised was that they'd need a special licence, which individual businesses don't need at markets or festivals.

It was a complicated process and in the end they gave up.

So, I hope that's given you a flavour of some of the things...

That is the end of part two.

You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to part two.

🔥 Đáp án & giải thích section 2

Giải thích chi tiết

❓ Câu hỏi: Which TWO explanations for the popularity of street food are given?

✅ Đáp án đúng: C. freshly made E. unusual food

▶️ Bắt đầu nghe ở: Đoạn người nói bắt đầu giải thích lý do vì sao street food ngày càng phổ biến, với tín hiệu như “I think there are a couple of reasons for this.”

☺️ Giải thích đáp án:

Trước khi nghe, hãy gạch chân các từ khóa explanations, popularity, và street food. Đây là dạng câu hỏi yêu cầu nghe lý do chứ không chỉ nghe thấy từ giống đáp án.
Ngay sau câu mở đầu, người nói nói: “What you get with street food … is something different” và “People like the idea of trying something they can’t get anywhere else.” → Cụm can’t get anywhere else cho thấy món ăn độc đáo / khác lạ, nên chọn E. unusual food.
Sau đó, người nói tiếp tục: “They also like seeing food prepared in front of them and which hasn’t come straight out of a freezer.” → Ý này nhấn mạnh đồ ăn được chuẩn bị ngay trước mắt, tức là tươi mới / freshly made, nên chọn C. freshly made.
Hai đáp án đúng đều đến từ phần người nói so sánh street food với fast food, để làm rõ vì sao khách hàng thích street food hơn.

🧐 Lưu ý: ❌ A. low price => Dễ nhầm vì người nói có nhắc fast food is cheap, nhưng đây là đặc điểm của fast food, không phải lý do khiến street food phổ biến. ❌ B. locally sourced => Bài nghe không hề nói nguyên liệu được sourcing locally; đây là đáp án dễ bị suy diễn thêm. ❌ D. convenience => Người nói có nhắc fast food is cheap and easy to find, tức convenience thuộc về fast food chứ không phải street food.

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Section

👂️ Bài nghe section 3

Which TWO points do the speakers make about the terms 'ethical' and 'sustainable' fashion?

Their definitions keep changing

People think they mean the same thing

The term 'eco-friendly' is preferable

They are often used imprecisely

Companies should avoid using them on clothing labels

Which TWO claims about wool production do the speakers disagree with?

Sheep are generally well-treated

Wool is easy to recycle

Wool is a long-lasting fabric

Wool production involves few chemicals

Sheep do less environmental damage than other livestock

List of Findings

The production process is fuel efficient

It is the least sustainable of alternative fabrics

Production costs are high

It provides additional health benefits

It is not durable in the long-term

It needs to be produced in a certain way to be sustainable

Chemicals required for production can be reused

This is from a wholly sustainable source

Lyocell

Cupro

Bamboo

EcoVero

Cork

Hemp

❓ Tapescript section 3

Ethical and sustainable fashion

...:

You will hear part of a discussion between two textile students about their research into sustainable fashion.

...:

First, you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24.

...:

Now listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24.

STUDENT 1:

Shall we go through our research for our sustainable fashion project?

STUDENT 2:

Good idea.

STUDENT 2:

I think I've done enough reading now.

STUDENT 1:

Me too.

STUDENT 1:

I've learnt such a lot about what sustainability actually means.

STUDENT 2:

Mmm, same for me with ethical fashion.

STUDENT 2:

I didn't really appreciate the difference between that and sustainable fashion before doing this research.

STUDENT 1:

I know.

STUDENT 1:

Most people use these terms interchangeably, but in fact, the difference is quite distinct when you think about it.

STUDENT 1:

Sustainable relates to the environment, and ethical relates more to the way workers or animals are treated.

STUDENT 2:

I totally understand why people get confused, though.

STUDENT 2:

There are so many other terms used, like eco-friendly, which is actually quite meaningless.

STUDENT 1:

And the way companies use these terms when describing their products doesn't help.

STUDENT 1:

They're often deliberately vague, I think, and don't provide enough information about how their products are made.

STUDENT 2:

Yes.

STUDENT 1:

It was interesting to read about the debates surrounding wool production, and how ethical and sustainable that is.

STUDENT 1:

It's generally considered to be sustainable because it's a natural product.

STUDENT 2:

And it also lasts a long time and can be recycled.

STUDENT 2:

All very positive.

STUDENT 2:

But I wasn't convinced by the argument that wool production is sustainable because it doesn't use many chemicals.

STUDENT 2:

What about all the fungicides and insecticides used in sheep farming?

STUDENT 1:

Good point.

STUDENT 1:

And I couldn't find any evidence for the claim about sheep farming being better for the environment than cattle farming.

STUDENT 2:

No, they're both really bad.

STUDENT 2:

I read different reports about how unethical it is to even shear sheep.

STUDENT 2:

Some people say it's cruel, but as long as the sheep are kept in good condition, I can't see anything wrong with it.

STUDENT 1:

Me neither.

...:

Before you hear the rest of the discussion, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30.

...:

Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30.

STUDENT 2:

Shall we talk about some of the semi-synthetic new fabrics now?

STUDENT 1:

OK, let's do that.

STUDENT 2:

Let's start with lyacell.

STUDENT 2:

I've been reading about that.

STUDENT 1:

Yeah, that's the one produced from the pulp of eucalyptus trees, isn't it?

STUDENT 2:

Yes.

STUDENT 2:

And what happens with that is really impressive.

STUDENT 2:

Over 99% of dissolving agents used in the manufacturing process are used again.

STUDENT 1:

Yeah.

STUDENT 1:

Now, there are a few semi-synthetic fabrics that I'd never heard of, like cupro, for example.

STUDENT 2:

Made from byproducts of the cotton industry to create a kind of vegan silk.

STUDENT 2:

But I'm not sure how sustainable this really is, as there are so many reports of pollution caused by the manufacturing process.

STUDENT 1:

It doesn't compare favorably with all the other sustainable fabrics we've looked at, no.

STUDENT 2:

Bamboo is one fabric we're all familiar with, but I didn't know that it was only organic bamboo that's truly sustainable.

STUDENT 1:

Me neither.

STUDENT 1:

Apparently, the manufacturing process for a significant proportion of bamboo is chemically quite intensive, which obviously can be quite damaging.

STUDENT 2:

Ecoviral is an example of a semi-synthetic fabric which is becoming really popular.

STUDENT 1:

Probably because manufacturing causes 50% fewer emissions and takes up half as much energy as conventional fabrics.

STUDENT 1:

That saves production costs as well as being better for the environment.

STUDENT 2:

That's true.

STUDENT 2:

I think demand for cork will continue to grow.

STUDENT 2:

It works really well in vegan shoes and bags.

STUDENT 1:

And it's the only fabric that's fundamentally sustainable.

STUDENT 1:

The cork trees it comes from are renewable, and the product itself is both recyclable and biodegradable, which is unique.

STUDENT 2:

And the harvesting process is actually good for the trees.

STUDENT 2:

There are no downsides to using this source at all.

STUDENT 1:

Hemp is another really good sustainable fabric from a natural source.

STUDENT 2:

Yes.

STUDENT 2:

Did you know that clothes made from hemp protect the wearer from the sun?

STUDENT 2:

And it's also antibacterial.

STUDENT 1:

No, I didn't.

STUDENT 1:

But I did read that it's quite hard to grow, so perhaps that's why it's not as common as you'd think.

STUDENT 2:

I'm sure that'll change.

STUDENT 2:

Then there are...

...:

That is the end of Part 3.

...:

You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to Part 3.

🔥 Đáp án & giải thích section 3

Giải thích chi tiết

❓ Câu hỏi: Which TWO points do the speakers make about the terms 'ethical' and 'sustainable' fashion?

✅ Đáp án đúng: B. People think they mean the same thing D. They are often used imprecisely

▶️ Bắt đầu nghe ở: Đoạn người nói bắt đầu đề cập đến sự khác nhau giữa “ethical fashion” và “sustainable fashion”, thường có tín hiệu như “I didn't really appreciate the difference…” hoặc “Most people use these terms interchangeably…”.

☺️ Giải thích đáp án:

Trước khi nghe, xác định từ khóa chính là terms, ethical, sustainable fashion, và points.
Đây là dạng Multiple Answer, nên cần nghe xem người nói nêu ra hai nhận xét riêng về cách các thuật ngữ này được hiểu và sử dụng.
Người nói nói: “Most people use these terms interchangeably”.
Từ interchangeably nghĩa là dùng thay thế cho nhau, suy ra mọi người nghĩ hai thuật ngữ này có nghĩa giống nhau.
Vì vậy, chọn B. People think they mean the same thing.
Sau đó, người nói giải thích rằng các công ty dùng những thuật ngữ này theo cách “deliberately vague” và “don't provide enough information”.
Điều này cho thấy các thuật ngữ đang được dùng một cách không chính xác / không rõ ràng / mơ hồ.
Vì vậy, chọn D. They are often used imprecisely.

🧐 Lưu ý: ❌ A. Their definitions keep changing => Bài nghe nói mọi người hay nhầm lẫn giữa hai khái niệm, không nói rằng định nghĩa của chúng thay đổi liên tục. ❌ C. The term 'eco-friendly' is preferable => Người nói lại cho rằng eco-friendly là từ khá vô nghĩa, nên đây chắc chắn không phải ý đúng. ❌ E. Companies should avoid using them on clothing labels => Bài nghe chỉ phê bình việc công ty dùng từ ngữ mơ hồ, không nói rằng họ nên tránh hoàn toàn việc dùng các thuật ngữ này trên nhãn.

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Section

👂️ Bài nghe section 4

Invasive species

Definition: an animal or plant that causes harm to an environment after being introduced by humans
An invasive species can be a problem when it:
eats native species.
introduces a new 
31.
            
﻿
.
takes food from native species.
threatens an entire 
32.
            
﻿
.
How invasive species spread
accidentally e.g. via people returning from their 
33.
            
﻿
 or on cargo ships
intentionally e.g. for pest control, or as 
34.
            
﻿
Examples of invasive species
Rhinella marina (toads)
- were introduced to Australia from Hawaii in 1935 to eat a type of insect that was damaging the 
35.
            
﻿
 plantations.
- failed to solve the problem and became widespread in the north of Australia.
- are poisonous for any species that eats them and reduce the food available for native frogs.
Japanese knotweed plants were popular among 19th-century gardeners in the UK.
Rhododendron plants prevent 
36.
            
﻿
 from reaching native plants.
Grey squirrels from N. America reduce sources of food for the UK's native red squirrels and spread a 
37.
            
﻿
 that kills red squirrels.
Tackling invasive species
Monitoring helps us to understand the 
38.
            
﻿
 of invasive species and the impact they have.
Setting up a national 
39.
            
﻿
 makes it easier to track them.
Asking the public to 
40.
            
﻿
 and report them helps with monitoring.

❓ Tapescript section 4

Invasive species.

You will hear part of an ecology lecture about invasive species of plants and animals.

First, you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40.

Now listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40.

Today I'm going to talk about invasive species.

Let me start by saying what an invasive species is and what it's not.

Invasive species are any animal or plant that is introduced into an environment by humans and which is then harmful to that environment.

It's important to be clear that not all introduced species are invasive.

Many introduced or non-native species thrive in new areas without posing any threat.

In some cases, invasive species have changed the natural world beyond recognition, so let's look at the different ways they can be problematic.

First of all, invasive species may eat native species or sometimes they may bring a disease with them which native species have never faced before and therefore have no defences against.

Often the invasive species breed very quickly, which further adds to the problem of native species losing their sources of food.

Species invasions are one of the biggest causes of damage in an ecosystem, actually putting its survival at risk.

So how do invasive species spread?

Without a doubt, the biggest cause is human activity.

This could be intentional or it could be accidental, such as when people who've been on holiday in another country come back with, say, the seeds of plants on their clothes or shoes.

Plants and animals, especially insects, arrive in or on the cargo of ships and then escape into their new home.

But sometimes humans deliberately move animals and plants around the world, for example, to use them to control pests on farms or to be pets.

This can go very wrong if those animals and plants move into wild settings and start breeding or begin growing in ways that weren't predicted.

Let's now look at an example of an invasive species here in Australia.

Rinella marina is a species of toad that was deliberately introduced from Hawaii in 1935 as a form of biological control.

It was hoped that the toads would eat the grey-backed beetles responsible for destroying crops of sugar on many of the plantations.

At first, just a handful of toads were released by scientists into Queensland, but this number soon grew as other states followed suit.

Within two years, 62,000 young toads had been released into the wild.

The toads did nothing to protect the plantations, but they did reproduce rapidly and could soon be found all over the northern half of the country.

The toads are poisonous at every stage of their life cycle, and anything that eats them will die.

My second example regarding invasive species is the United Kingdom.

Actually, there are more than 3,000 invasive species there, including some that are extremely common.

Some invasive plants, such as Japanese knotweed, have had a devastating impact on parts of the UK.

Gardeners in the 19th century considered it a beautiful ornamental plant, which it is when it's kept under control.

But it soon spread into the countryside and remains a problem even to this day as it's so hard to eradicate.

Another invasive plant is rhododendrons, which can be found in UK parks and woodlands.

Their introduction dates back to 1763, but they're now seen as harmful because they block out so much light that native wildflowers can't grow beneath them.

And then there are grey squirrels, which are one invasive species almost everyone in the UK will have come across.

They were brought to the UK from North America and introduced to private estates around the 1870s, but are now found everywhere, from forests to city squares.

Grey squirrels have outcompeted the smaller native red squirrels.

They both eat the same food, and the grey squirrels carry a type of virus that is deadly to the red squirrels.

Red squirrel populations have collapsed, and there are only a handful of sites left in the UK where they're found.

An important question for ecologists worldwide is, what can we do to tackle the problem of invasive species?

The first step in controlling invasive species is learning about the behaviour of new species coming into the country.

Monitoring is an important part of this, so that we can know if the new species begins to have a negative impact in its new environment.

One effective way to keep track of invasive species is to create a database for the whole country.

That way, all relevant authorities and agencies can share important information and take whatever actions needed.

But the public also have a vital role to play in this process.

They should be encouraged to photograph harmful species, because this helps with identification, and then to report when and where these were observed.

But it's important to tell people not to destroy or even touch what they've found.

Now, I'm going to move on to an exam...

That is the end of Part 4.

You now have one minute to check your answers to Part 4.

🔥 Đáp án & giải thích section 4

disease

Giải thích chi tiết

❓ Câu hỏi: introduces a new 31 ________.

🎯 Xác định loại từ cần điền:

Chỗ trống cần một danh từ số ít đứng sau a new.
Theo ngữ cảnh, đây là điều mà invasive species mang theo và gây hại cho các loài bản địa.
Từ cần điền sẽ là một mối nguy sinh học mà các loài bản địa chưa từng đối mặt.

✅ Đáp án đúng: disease

▶️ Bắt đầu nghe ở: đoạn người nói giới thiệu những cách invasive species gây hại cho môi trường.

☺️ Giải thích đáp án:

Trước khi nghe, xác định từ khóa chính là introduces và new.
Người nói mở đầu bằng câu: “First of all, invasive species may eat native species...”
Ngay sau đó, người nói tiếp tục: “they may bring a disease with them...”
Động từ bring được paraphrase thành introduce trong đề bài.
Vì vậy, đáp án cần điền là disease.

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