Archaeologists Discover Evidence Of Prehistoric Island Settlers IELTS Reading Answers with Explanation

Luyện tập đề IELTS Reading Practice với passage Archaeologists Discover Evidence Of Prehistoric Island Settlers được lấy từ cuốn sách IELTS Cambridge IELTS Practice Test 19 - Test 3 - Passage 1 với trải nghiệm thi IELTS trên máy và giải thích đáp án chi tiết bằng Linearthinking, kèm list từ vựng IELTS cần học trong bài đọc.

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Archaeologists Discover Evidence Of Prehistoric Island Settlers IELTS Reading Answers with Explanation

📖 Bài đọc (reading passage)

Archaeologists discover evidence of prehistoric island settlers
In early April 2019, Dr Ceri Shipton and his colleagues from Australian National University became the first archaeologists to explore Obi, one of many tropical islands in Indonesia's Maluku Utara province. The research team's discoveries suggest that the prehistoric people who lived on Obi were adept on both land and sea, hunting in the dense rainforest, foraging on the seashore, and possibly even voyaging between islands.

The excavations were part of a project to learn more about how people first dispersed from mainland Asia, through the Indonesian archipelago and into the prehistoric continent that once connected Australia and New Guinea. The team's earlier research suggested that the northernmost islands in the group, known as the Wallacean islands, including Obi, would have offered the easiest migration route. It also seemed likely that these islands were crucial 'stepping stones' on humans' island-hopping voyages through this they needed archaeological evidence for humans living in this remote area in the ancient past. So, they travelled to Obi to look for sites that might reveal evidence of early occupation.

Just inland from the village of Kelo on Obi's northern coast, Shipton and his colleagues found two caves containing prehistoric rock shelters that were suitable for excavation. With the permission and help of the local people of Kelo, they dug a small test excavation in each shelter. There they found numerous artefacts, including fragments of axes, some dating to about 14,000 years ago. The earliest axes at Kelo were made using clam shells. Axes made from clam shells from roughly the same time had also previously been found elsewhere in this region, including on the nearby island of Gebe to the northeast. As on Gebe, it is highly likely that Obi's axes were used in the construction of canoes, thus allowing these early peoples to maintain connections between communities on neighbouring islands.

The oldest cultural layers from the Kelo site provided the team with the earliest record for human occupation on Obi, dating back around 18,000 years. At this time the climate was drier and colder than today, and the island's dense rainforests would likely have been much less impenetrable than they are now. Sea levels were about 120 metres lower, meaning Obi was a much larger island, encompassing what is today the separate island of Bisa, as well as several other small islands nearby.

Roughly 11,700 years ago, as the most recent ice age ended, the climate became significantly warmer and wetter, no doubt making Obi's jungle much thicker. According to the researchers, it is no coincidence that around this time the first axes crafted from stone rather than sea shells appear, likely in response to their heavy-duty use for clearing and modification of the increasingly dense rainforest. While stone takes about twice as long to grind into an axe compared to shell, the harder material keeps its sharp edge for longer.

Judging by the bones which the researchers unearthed in the Kelo caves, people living there mainly hunted the Rothschild's cuscus, a possum-like creature that still lives on Obi today. As the forest grew more dense, people probably used axes to clear patches of forest and make hunting easier.

Shipton's team's excavation of the shelters at the Kelo site unearthed a volcanic glass substance called obsidian, which must have been brought over from another island, as there is no known source on Obi. It also revealed particular types of beads, similar to those previously found on islands in southern Wallacea. These finds again support the idea that Obi islanders routinely travelled to other islands.

The excavations suggest people successfully lived in the two Kelo shelters for about 10,000 years. But then, about 8,000 years ago, both were abandoned. Did the residents leave Obi completely, or move elsewhere on the island? Perhaps the jungle had grown so thick that axes were no longer a match for the dense undergrowth. Perhaps people simply moved to the coast and turned to fishing rather than hunting as a means of survival.

Whatever the reason for the departure, there is no evidence for use of the Kelo shelters after this time, until about 1,000 years ago, when they were re-occupied by people who owned pottery as well as items made out of gold and silver. It seems likely, in view of Obi's location, that this final phase of occupation also saw the Kelo shelters used by people involved in the historic trade in spices between the Maluku islands and the rest of the world.

❓ Câu hỏi (questions)

Archaeological research had taken place on the island of Obi before the arrival of Ceri Shipton and his colleagues.

At the Kelo sites, the researchers found the first clam shell axes ever to be discovered in the region.

The size of Obi today is less than it was 18,000 years ago.

A change in the climate around 11,700 years ago had a greater impact on Obi than on the surrounding islands.

The researchers believe there is a connection between warmer, wetter weather and a change in the material used to make axes.

Shipton's team were surprised to find evidence of the Obi islanders' hunting practices.

It is thought that the Kelo shelters were occupied continuously until about 1,000 years ago.

Archaeological findings on Obi

Excavations of rock shelters inside ﻿near the village of Kelo revealed:
axes from around 14,000 years ago, probably used to make canoes
axes made out of﻿ dating from around 11,700 years ago
.﻿of animal: evidence of what ancient islanders ate 
evidence of travel between islands:
obsidian: a material that is not found naturally on Obi
﻿﻿which resembled ones found on other islands.
It is thought that from 8,000 years ago, Obi islanders:
may have switched from hunting to fishing
had ﻿as well as items made out of metal
probably took part in the production and sale of ﻿. 

🔥 Answer key (đáp án và giải thích)

False

Giải thích chi tiết

☺️ Ứng dụng Linearthinking để giải quyết dạng bài True / False / Not Given

Step 01: Read the question to understand (main idea + detail)

Simplified: Archaeological research had taken place on the island of Obi before the arrival of Ceri Shipton and his colleagues

Main idea: Đã có nghiên cứu khảo cổ trên đảo Obi trước khi nhóm của Ceri Shipton đến.

-------

Step 02: Locate relevant information

🔍 Từ khoá: “Ceri Shipton”, “Obi”, “first archaeologists”, “explore”.

=> Dựa vào các từ khoá trên -> Tìm được trích dẫn ở đoạn 1 câu đầu tiên.

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Step 03: Read relevant information to understand (main + detail)

📌 Trích dẫn: “In early April 2019, Dr Ceri Shipton and his colleagues from Australian National University became the first archaeologists to explore Obi, one of many tropical islands in Indonesia's Maluku Utara province.”

Simplified:

In early April 2019 , Dr Ceri Shipton and his colleagues became the first archaeologists to explore Obi

Main idea: Nhóm của Ceri Shipton là những nhà khảo cổ đầu tiên từng nghiên cứu đảo Obi.

-------

Step 04: Compare meaning with meaning

Trong bài đọc: Shipton và đồng nghiệp là first archaeologists → trước đó chưa từng có nghiên cứu khảo cổ trên đảo Obi.
Trong câu hỏi: nói rằng đã có nghiên cứu khảo cổ trước khi họ đến.

⇒ Hai ý mâu thuẫn trực tiếp.

✅ Chọn: FALSE

-------

Giải thích vì sao không phải TRUE / NOT GIVEN?

TRUE: nếu bài nói đã có khảo cổ trước đó → nhưng bài khẳng định họ là “first archaeologists”.
NOT GIVEN: nếu bài không đề cập thời điểm khảo cổ đầu tiên → nhưng bài nêu rõ lần đầu tiên.

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