How Baby Talk Gives Infant Brains A Boost IELTS Reading Answers with Explanation

Luyện tập đề IELTS Reading Practice với passage How Baby Talk Gives Infant Brains A Boost được lấy từ cuốn sách IELTS Cambridge IELTS Practice Test 13 - Test 3 - Passage 2 với trải nghiệm thi IELTS trên máy và giải thích đáp án chi tiết bằng Linearthinking, kèm list từ vựng IELTS cần học trong bài đọc.

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How Baby Talk Gives Infant Brains A Boost IELTS Reading Answers with Explanation

📖 Bài đọc (reading passage)

How Baby Talk Gives Infant Brains A Boost
A
A. The typical way of talking to a baby – high-pitched, exaggerated and repetitious – is a source of fascination for linguists who hope to understand how ‘baby talk’ impacts on learning. Most babies start developing their hearing while still in the womb, prompting some hopeful parents to play classical music to their pregnant bellies. Some research even suggests that infants are listening to adult speech as early as 10 weeks before being born, gathering the basic building blocks of their family’s native tongue.
B
B. Early language exposure seems to have benefits to the brain – for instance, studies suggest that babies raised in bilingual homes are better at learning how to mentally prioritize information. So how does the sweet if sometimes absurd sound of infant-directed speech influence a baby’s development? Here are some recent studies that explore the science behind baby talk.
C
C. Fathers don’t use baby talk as often or in the same ways as mothers – and that’s perfectly OK, according to a new study. Mark Van Dam of Washington State University at Spokane and colleagues equipped parents with recording devices and speech-recognition software to study the way they interacted with their youngsters during a normal day. ‘We found that moms do exactly what you’d expect and what’s been described many times over,’ VanDam explains. ‘But we found that dads aren’t doing the same thing. Dads didn’t raise their pitch or fundamental frequency when they talked to kids.’ Their role may be rooted in what is called the bridge hypothesis, which dates back to 1975. It suggests that fathers use less familial language to provide their children with a bridge to the kind of speech they’ll hear in public. The idea is that a kid gets to practice a certain kind of speech with mom and another kind of speech with dad, so the kid then has a wider repertoire of kinds of speech to practice,’ says Van Dam.
D
D. Scientists from the University of Washington and the University of Connecticut collected thousands of 30-second conversations between parents and their babies, fitting 26 children with audio-recording vests that captured language and sound during a typical eight-hour day. The study found that the more baby talk parents used, the more their youngsters began to babble. And when researchers saw the same babies at age two, they found that frequent baby talk had dramatically boosted vocabulary, regardless of socioeconomic status. Those children who listened to a lot of baby talk were talking more than the babies that listened to more adult talk or standard speech,’ says Nairan Ramirez-Esparza of the University of Connecticut. ‘We also found that it really matters whether you use baby talk in a one-on-one context,’ she adds. The more parents use baby talk one-on-one, the more babies babble, and the more they babble, the more words they produce later in life.’
E
E. Another study suggests that parents might want to pair their youngsters up so they can babble more with their own kind. Researchers from McGill University and Université du Québec a Montréal found that babies seem to like listening to each other rather than to adults – which may be why baby talk is such a universal tool among parents. They played repeating vowel sounds made by a special synthesizing device that mimicked sounds made by either an adult woman or another baby. This way, only the impact of the auditory cues was observed. The team then measured how long each type of sound held the infants’ attention. They found that the ‘infant’ sounds held babies’ attention nearly 40 percent longer. The baby noises also induced more reactions in the listening infants, like smiling or lip moving, which approximates sound making. The team theorizes that this attraction to other infant sounds could help launch the learning process that leads to speech. It may be some property of the sound that is just drawing their attention,’ says study co-author Linda Polka. ‘Or maybe they are really interested in that particular type of sound because they are starting to focus on their own ability to make sounds. We are speculating here but it might catch their attention because they recognize it as a sound they could possibly make.
F
F. In a study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a total of 57 babies from two slightly different age groups – seven months and eleven and a half months – were played a number of syllables from both their native language (English) and a non-native tongue (Spanish). The infants were placed in a brain-activation scanner that recorded activity in a brain region known to guide the motor movements that produce speech. The results suggest that listening to baby talk prompts infant brains to start practicing their language skills. Finding activation in motor areas of the brain when infants are simply listening is significant, because it means the baby brain is engaged in trying to talk back right from the start, and suggests that seven-month-olds’ brains are already trying to figure out how to make the right movements that will produce words,’ says co-author Patricia Kuhl. Another interesting finding was that while the seven-month-olds responded to all speech sounds regardless of language, the brains of the older infants worked harder at the motor activations of non-native sounds compared to native sounds. The study may have also uncovered a process by which babies recognize differences between their native language and other tongues.

❓ Câu hỏi (questions)

List of Findings

Mark VanDam

Nairán Ramirez-Esparza

Patricia Kuhl

the importance of adults giving babies individual attention when talking to them

the connection between what babies hear and their own efforts to create speech

the advantage for the baby of having two parents each speaking in a different way

the connection between the amount of baby talk babies hear and how much vocalising they do themselves

Research into how parents talk to babies

Researchers at Washington State University used﻿, together with specialised computer programs, to analyse how parents interacted with their babies during a normal day. The study revealed that ﻿ tended not to modify their ordinary speech patterns when interacting with their babies. According to an idea known as the ﻿, they may use a more adult type of speech to prepare infants for the language they will hear outside the family home. According to the researchers, hearing baby talk from one parent and ‘normal’ language from the other expands the baby’s ﻿ of types of speech which they can practise.
Meanwhile, another study carried out by scientists from the University of Washington and the University of Connecticut recorded speech and sound using special ﻿that the babies were equipped with. When they studies the babies again at age two, the found that those who had heard a lot of baby talk in infancy had a much larger ﻿. Than those who had not.

a reference to a change which occurs in babies’ brain activity before the end of their first year.

an example of what some parents do for their baby’s benefit before birth

a mention of babies’ preference for the sounds that other babies make

🔥 Answer key (đáp án và giải thích)

Giải thích chi tiết

✅Phân tích câu hỏi

Simplified: the importance of adults giving babies individual attention when talking to them .

Ý câu hỏi: Cần tìm người nhấn mạnh rằng: khi nói chuyện với em bé, người lớn cần tương tác 1-1 / riêng với từng bé thì mới quan trọng và hiệu quả.

Quan hệ keywords: importance = it really matters individual attention = one-on-one context / one-on-one

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✅Đọc thông tin liên quan theo Linearthinking

Thông tin nằm ở đoạn D:

Simplified: she adds , it really matters whether you use baby talk in a one-on-one context .

Simplified: The more parents use baby talk one-on-one , the more babies babble , and the more they produce more words later in life .

Lưu ý từ khó:

one-on-one context = bối cảnh 1 kèm 1 / riêng từng người
babble = bập bẹ
it really matters = thực sự quan trọng

Ý của câu: Không chỉ baby talk nói chung là có ích, mà baby talk trong tương tác riêng 1-1 còn đặc biệt quan trọng vì nó giúp bé bập bẹ nhiều hơn, và về sau nói được nhiều từ hơn.

Về Connections:

Câu 1 nêu điểm chính: việc nói baby talk theo kiểu 1-1 là quan trọng.
Câu 2 giải thích vì sao quan trọng: càng nói 1-1 nhiều → bé càng babble nhiều → sau này càng có nhiều từ vựng hơn. → Ý chung của 2 câu đúng với feature trong câu hỏi.

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✅Đối chiếu giữa bài đọc và đáp án

Đáp án: B. Nairán Ramirez-Esparza

Đối chiếu paraphrasing: the importance ⇔ it really matters adults giving babies individual attention when talking to them ⇔ use baby talk in a one-on-one context / parents use baby talk one-on-one

=> Người đưa ra nhận định này là Nairán Ramirez-Esparza.

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❌ Những cái tên dễ chọn nhầm

A. Mark VanDam Ở đoạn C, Mark VanDam nói về sự khác nhau giữa cách bố và mẹ dùng baby talk, và ý tưởng rằng bố giúp con làm quen với kiểu ngôn ngữ ngoài xã hội. → Không có ý nhấn mạnh rằng nói chuyện 1-1 với em bé là quan trọng.

C. Patricia Kuhl Ở đoạn F, Patricia Kuhl nói về việc não em bé phản ứng với âm thanh ngôn ngữ và bắt đầu “luyện” nói từ rất sớm. → Cũng không nói về individual attention / one-on-one interaction.

👉 Nếu skim-scan, học sinh có thể chọn nhầm Patricia Kuhl vì thấy bà cũng nói về việc em bé phản ứng với speech. Nhưng đoạn của Kuhl tập trung vào brain activation, còn câu hỏi hỏi về tầm quan trọng của việc người lớn nói chuyện 1-1 với bé — chi tiết này chỉ xuất hiện ở lời của Nairán Ramirez-Esparza.

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