Stadiums: Past, Present And Future IELTS Reading Answers with Explanation

Luyện tập đề IELTS Reading Practice với passage Stadiums: Past, Present And Future được lấy từ cuốn sách IELTS Cambridge IELTS Practice Test 17 - Test 1 - Passage 2 với trải nghiệm thi IELTS trên máy và giải thích đáp án chi tiết bằng Linearthinking, kèm list từ vựng IELTS cần học trong bài đọc.

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Stadiums: Past, Present And Future IELTS Reading Answers with Explanation

📖 Bài đọc (reading passage)

Stadiums: past, present and future
A
A. Stadiums are among the oldest forms of urban architecture: vast stadiums where the public could watch sporting events were at the centre of western city life as far back as the ancient Greek and Roman Empires, well before the construction of the great medieval cathedrals and the grand 19th- and 20th-century railway stations which dominated urban skylines in later eras.

Today, however, stadiums are regarded with growing scepticism. Construction costs can soar above £1 billion, and stadiums finished for major events such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup have notably fallen into disuse and disrepair.

But this need not be the case. History shows that stadiums can drive urban development and adapt to the culture of every age. Even today, architects and planners are finding new ways to adapt the mono-functional sports arenas which became emblematic of modernisation during the 20th century.
B
B. The amphitheatre of Arles in southwest France, with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, is perhaps the best example of just how versatile stadiums can be. Built by the Romans in 90 AD, it became a fortress with four towers after the fifth century, and was then transformed into a village containing more than 200 houses. With the growing interest in conservation during the 19th century, it was converted back into an arena for the staging of bullfights, thereby returning the structure to its original use as a venue for public spectacles.

Another example is the imposing arena of Verona in northern Italy, with space for 30,000 spectators, which was built 60 years before the Arles amphitheatre and 40 years before
osseum. It has endured the centuries and is currently considered one of the world's prime sites for opera, thanks to its outstanding acoustics.
C
C. The area in the centre of the Italian town of Lucca, known as the Piazza dell'Anfiteatro, is yet another impressive example of an amphitheatre becoming absorbed into the fabric of the city. The site evolved in a similar way to Arles and was progressively filled with buildings from the Middle Ages until the 19th century, variously used as houses, a salt depot and a prison. But rather than reverting to an arena, it became a market square, designed by Romanticist architect Lorenzo Nottolini. Today, the ruins of the amphitheatre remain embedded in the various shops and residences surrounding the public square.
D
D. There are many similarities between modern stadiums and the ancient amphitheatres intended for games. But some of the flexibility was lost at the beginning of the 20th century, as stadiums were developed using new products such as steel and reinforced concrete, and made use of bright lights for night-time matches.

Many such stadiums are situated in suburban areas, designed for sporting use only and surrounded by parking lots. These factors mean that they may not be as accessible to the general public, require more energy to run and contribute to urban heat.
E
E. But many of today's most innovative architects see scope for the stadium to help improve the city. Among the current strategies, two seem to be having particular success: the stadium as an urban hub, and as a power plant.

There's a growing trend for stadiums to be equipped with public spaces and services that serve a function beyond sport, such as hotels, retail outlets, conference centres, restaurants and bars, children's playgrounds and green space. Creating mixed-use developments such as this reinforces compactness and multi-functionality, making more efficient use of land and helping to regenerate urban spaces.

This opens the space up to families and a wider cross-section of society, instead of catering only to sportspeople and supporters. There have been many examples of this in the UK: the mixed-use facilities at Wembley and Old Trafford have become a blueprint for many other stadiums in the world.
F
F. The phenomenon of stadiums as power stations has arisen from the idea that energy problems can be overcome by integrating interconnected buildings by means of a smart grid, which is an electricity supply network that uses digital communications technology to detect and react to local changes in usage, without significant energy losses. Stadiums are ideal for these purposes, because their canopies have a large surface area for fitting photovoltaic panels and rise high enough (more than 40 metres) to make use of micro wind turbines.

Freiburg Mage Solar Stadium in Germany is the first of a new wave of stadiums as power plants, which also includes the Amsterdam Arena and the Kaohsiung Stadium. The latter, inaugurated in 2009, has 8,844 photovoltaic panels producing up to 1.14 GWh of electricity annually. This reduces the annual output of carbon dioxide by 660 tons and supplies up to 80 percent of the surrounding area when the stadium is not in use. This is proof that a stadium can serve its city, and have a decidedly positive impact in terms of reduction of CO2 emissions.
G
G. Sporting arenas have always been central to the life and culture of cities. In every era, the stadium has acquired new value and uses: from military fortress to residential village, public space to theatre and most recently a field for experimentation in advanced engineering. The stadium of today now brings together multiple functions, thus helping cities to create a sustainable future.

❓ Câu hỏi (questions)

a mention of negative attitudes towards stadium building projects

figures demonstrating the environmental benefits of a certain stadium

examples of the wide range of facilities available at some new stadiums

reference to the disadvantages of the stadiums built during a certain era

Roman amphitheatres

The Roman stadiums of Europe have proved very versatile. The amphitheatre of Arles, for example, was converted first into a ﻿ , then into a residential area and finally into an arena where spectators could watch﻿ Meanwhile, the arena in Verona, one of the oldest Roman amphitheatres, is famous today as a venue where﻿ is performed. The site of Lucca's amphitheatre has also been used for many purposes over the centuries, including the storage of﻿. It is now a market square with﻿ and homes incorporated into the remains of the Roman amphitheatre.

When comparing twentieth-century stadiums to ancient amphitheatres in Section D, which TWO negative features does the writer mention?

They are less imaginatively designed.

They are less spacious.

They are in less convenient locations.

They are less versatile.

They are made of less durable materials.

Which TWO advantages of modern stadium design does the writer mention?

offering improved amenities for the enjoyment of sports events

bringing community life back into the city environment

facilitating research into solar and wind energy solutions

enabling local residents to reduce their consumption of electricity

providing a suitable site for the installation of renewable power generators

🔥 Answer key (đáp án và giải thích)

Giải thích chi tiết

☺️ Ứng dụng Linearthinking để giải quyết dạng bài Matching Information

📌 Dạng Matching Information chúng ta nên làm cuối cùng, sau khi đã làm các dạng câu hỏi khác nhé DOLBIES, bởi vì lúc này mình đã đọc và hiểu nội dung của bài rồi → sẽ nhanh chóng tìm được vị trí đáp án hơn!!

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Step 01: Read the question to understand (main idea + detail)

Simplified: Mention – negative attitudes towards stadium building projects – ?
Main idea: Tìm đoạn chứa specific information nói về thái độ tiêu cực đối với việc xây dựng sân vận động.
Prediction: Có thể nhắc đến sự phản đối, hoài nghi, chỉ trích, chi phí quá cao, hoặc lo ngại về sự lãng phí.

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Step 02: Locate relevant information

🔍 Từ khoá: "negative attitudes", "stadium building projects"

--> Dựa vào các từ khóa trên --> Ta tìm được trích dẫn ở đoạn A

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Step 03: Read relevant information to understand (main + detail)

📌 Trích dẫn: "Today, however, stadiums are regarded with growing scepticism. Construction costs can soar above £1 billion, and stadiums finished for major events such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup have notably fallen into disuse and disrepair." (Đoạn A)

Simplified: Stadiums are regarded with growing scepticism

--> Lý do: Construction costs soar + Stadiums fall into disuse and disrepair

Main idea: Các sân vận động đang bị nhìn nhận với sự hoài nghi ngày càng tăng do: chi phí xây dựng quá cao và việc chúng nhanh chóng bị xuống cấp và bỏ hoang sau các sự kiện thể thao lớn.

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Step 04: Compare meaning with meaning

Reading: Đoạn A nhắc đến quan điểm tiêu cực đối với việc xây sân vận động do: chi phí cao + bị xuống cấp và bỏ hoang
Question: Câu hỏi yêu cầu tìm đoạn đề cập đến thái độ tiêu cực với các dự án xây sân vận động.

=> Conclusion: Đoạn văn này có meaning trùng khớp.

✅ Chọn: PARAGRAPH A .

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