Background

• After an operation, patients may experience discomfort or unwanted disruption to their 1. .

• Most current recovery methods concentrate on controlling pain.

Recent research

• An analysis brought together evidence from almost 100 2.  and found that music:

  • improved patients’ reported wellbeing;

  • enabled them to leave hospital sooner.

• Although individual preferences varied, the selected music generally had a 3.  influence.
• Sound was usually delivered through music 4. .
• Patients experienced hardly any 5. .
• Hospital records showed that music listeners required a smaller amount of 6.  than other patients.
• The greatest benefit occurred when patients were 7. .
• Researchers believe music helped because it provided a 8. .
• They advise offering either music or recordings from 9.  to everyone having an operation.
• Further research will identify the ideal 10.  setting.