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IELTS Online Test - CAM 18 - Reading Test 4

Green roofs

A
A. Rooftops covered with grass, vegetable gardens and lush foliage are now a common sight in many cities around the world. More and more private companies and city authorities are investing in green roofs, drawn to their wide-ranging benefits. Among the benefits are saving on energy costs, mitigating the risk of floods, making habitats for urban wildlife, tackling air pollution and even growing food. These increasingly radical urban designs can help cities adapt to the monumental problems they face, such as access to resources and a lack of green space due to development. But the involvement of city authorities, businesses and other institutions is crucial to ensuring their success — as is research investigating different options to suit the variety of rooftop spaces found in cities. The UK is relatively new to developing green roofs, and local governments and institutions are playing a major role in spreading the practice. London is home to much of the UK’s green roof market, mainly due to forward-thinking policies such as the London Plan, which has paved the way to more than doubling the area of green roofs in the capital.
B
B. Ongoing research is showcasing how green roofs in cities can integrate with 'living walls': environmentally friendly walls which are partially or completely covered with greenery, including a growing medium, such as soil or water. Research also indicates that green roofs can be integrated with drainage systems on the ground, such as street trees, so that the water is managed better and the built environment is made more sustainable. There is also evidence to demonstrate the social value of green roofs. Doctors are increasingly prescribing time spent gardening outdoors for patients dealing with anxiety and depression. And research has found that access to even the most basic green spaces can provide a better quality of life for dementia sufferers and help people avoid obesity.
C
C. In North America, green roofs have become mainstream, with a wide array of expansive, accessible and food-producing roofs installed in buildings. Again, city leaders and authorities have helped push the movement forward — only recently, San Francisco, USA, created a policy requiring new buildings to have green roofs. Toronto, Canada, has policies dating from the 1990s, encouraging the development of urban farms on rooftops. These countries also benefit from having newer buildings than in many parts of the world, which makes it easier to install green roofs. Being able to keep enough water at roof height and distribute it right across the rooftop is crucial to maintaining the plants on any green roof — especially on ‘edible roofs’ where fruit and vegetables are farmed. And it’s much easier to do this in newer buildings, which can typically hold greater weight, than to retro-fit old ones. Having a stronger roof also makes it easier to grow a greater variety of plants, since the soil can be deeper.
D
D. For green roofs to become the norm for new developments, there needs to be support from public authorities and private investors. Those responsible for maintaining buildings may have to acquire new skills, such as landscaping, and in some cases, volunteers may be needed to help out. Other considerations include installing drainage paths, meeting health and safety requirements and perhaps allowing access for the public, as well as planning restrictions and disruption from regular activities in and around the buildings during installation. To convince investors and developers that installing green roofs is worthwhile, economic arguments are still the most important. The term 'natural capital' has been developed to explain the economic value of nature; for example, measuring the money saved by installing natural solutions to protect against flood damage, adapt to climate change or help people lead healthier and happier lives.
E
E. As the expertise about green roofs grows, official standards have been developed to ensure that they are designed, constructed and maintained properly, and function well. Improvements in the science and technology underpinning green roof development have also led to new variations in the concept. For example, ‘blue roofs’ enable buildings to hold water over longer periods of time, rather than draining it away quickly — crucial in times of heavier rainfall. There are also combinations of green roofs with solar panels, and ‘brown roofs’ which are wilder in nature and maximise biodiversity. If the trend continues, it could create new jobs and a more vibrant and sustainable local food economy — alongside many other benefits. There are still barriers to overcome, but the evidence so far indicates that green roofs have the potential to transform cities and help them function sustainably long into the future. The success stories need to be studied and replicated elsewhere, to make green, blue, brown and food-producing roofs the norm in cities around the world.

mention of several challenges to be overcome before a green roof can be installed

reference to a city where green roofs have been promoted for many years

a belief that existing green roofs should be used as a model for new ones

examples of how green roofs can work in combination with other green urban initiatives

the need to make a persuasive argument for the financial benefits of green roofs

mention of several challenges to be overcome before a green roof can be installed

GIẢI THÍCH CÂU 1

Định vị

Paraphrasing

Question:

Mention of several challenges to be overcome before a green roof can be installed

So sánh với bài đọc, ta có

several challenges = have to acquire new skills (landscaping) + installing drainage paths, meeting health and safety requirements + planning restrictions + disruption during installation

Giải thích chi tiết

☺️ Ứng dụng Linearthinking để giải quyết dạng bài Matching Information

📌 Dạng Matching Information chúng ta nên làm cuối cùng, sau khi đã làm các dạng câu hỏi khác nhé DOLBIES, bởi vì lúc này mình đã đọc và hiểu nội dung của bài rồi → sẽ nhanh chóng tìm được vị trí đáp án hơn!!

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Step 01: Read the question to understand (main idea + detail)

Simplified: Mention – challenges before a green roof can be installed – ?
Main idea: Tìm đoạn văn chứa Specific information mô tả các khó khăn / thách thức cần vượt qua trước khi lắp đặt mái nhà xanh.
Prediction: Dự đoán thông tin này có thể được cụ thể hoá thành các yêu cầu, trở ngại hoặc điều kiện cần đáp ứng trước khi tiến hành lắp đặt.

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Step 02: Locate relevant information

🔍 Từ khoá: "challenges", "to be overcome", "before", "installed"

--> Dựa vào các từ khóa trên --> Ta tìm được thông tin ở đoạn D

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Step 03: Read relevant information to understand (main + detail)

📌 Trích dẫn: "For green roofs to become the norm for new developments, there needs to be support from public authorities and private investors. Those responsible for maintaining buildings may have to acquire new skills, such as landscaping, and in some cases, volunteers may be needed to help out. Other considerations include installing drainage paths, meeting health and safety requirements and perhaps allowing access for the public, as well as planning restrictions and disruption from regular activities in and around the buildings during installation." (Đoạn D)

Simplified: There needs to be support from public authorities + private investors

--> Cụ thể:

Those maintaining buildings have to acquire new skills (landscaping)
Other considerations include technical + health and safety requirements; safety rules; planning restrictions; disruption during installation

Main idea: Trước khi lắp đặt mái nhà xanh (green roof) => cần vượt qua nhiều thách thức liên quan đến con người, kỹ thuật, quy định và hoạt động xung quanh.

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Step 04: Compare meaning with meaning

Trong bài Reading: Trước khi lắp đặt mái nhà xanh cần vượt qua nhiều thách thức liên quan đến kĩ thuật, sự an toàn và các hoạt động xung quanh
Question: Đề bài yêu cầu tìm đoạn có nhắc đến các thách thức cần vượt qua trước khi lắp đặt green roof.

=> Conclusion: Đoạn văn này có meaning trùng khớp.

✅ Chọn: PARAGRAPH D

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Lưu ý quan trọng:

Nếu chỉ scan keywords mà không áp dụng Linearthinking, bạn sẽ dễ bị nhầm lẫn do paraphrase, dẫn đến mất thời gian và chọn sai đáp án. Hãy luôn simplify và so sánh meaning để tìm đáp án nhanh và chính xác!

Lưu ý

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