Question 1 - 10
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Effects of urban environments on animals
Introduction Recent urban development represents a major environmental shift. Only a few species were once considered suited to city life:
- the 1., because it can adjust to many conditions
- the pigeon, because city walls resemble natural 2.
Many urban animals are actually adapting at unusual 3..
Recent research Emilie Snell-Rood studied museum specimens of small urban mammals in Minnesota.
- The size of their 4. had increased.
- This may reflect the need to find new sources of 5. and respond to unfamiliar dangers.
Catarina Miranda studied the 6. of urban and rural blackbirds.
- City birds were often brave, but remained cautious when situations were 7..
Jonathan Atwell examined how animals react to city surroundings.
- Some animals respond to 8. by producing lower hormone levels.
Sarah Partan’s team studied squirrel communication.
- Urban squirrels use their 9. as a visual signal.
Long-term possibilities
Animals unique to cities may eventually develop, although some changes may not be 10..
. . .
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