Effects Of Urban Environments On Animals

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Effects of urban environments on animals

Introduction Recent urban development represents a major environmental shift. Only a few species were once considered suited to city life:

  • the , because it can adjust to many conditions
  • the pigeon, because city walls resemble natural 
Many urban animals are actually adapting at unusual .

Recent research Emilie Snell-Rood studied museum specimens of small urban mammals in Minnesota.

  • The size of their  had increased.
  • This may reflect the need to find new sources of  and respond to unfamiliar dangers.
Catarina Miranda studied the  of urban and rural blackbirds.
  • City birds were often brave, but remained cautious when situations were .

Jonathan Atwell examined how animals react to city surroundings.

  • Some animals respond to  by producing lower hormone levels.

Sarah Partan’s team studied squirrel communication.

  • Urban squirrels use their  as a visual signal.
Long-term possibilities Animals unique to cities may eventually develop, although some changes may not be .

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