Background

• After an operation, patients may experience discomfort or unwanted disruption to their .

• Most current recovery methods concentrate on controlling pain.

Recent research

• An analysis brought together evidence from almost 100  and found that music:

  • improved patients’ reported wellbeing;

  • enabled them to leave hospital sooner.

• Although individual preferences varied, the selected music generally had a  influence.
• Sound was usually delivered through music .
• Patients experienced hardly any .
• Hospital records showed that music listeners required a smaller amount of  than other patients.
• The greatest benefit occurred when patients were .
• Researchers believe music helped because it provided a .
• They advise offering either music or recordings from  to everyone having an operation.
• Further research will identify the ideal  setting.