Amphibians

Background

- Over 50% of amphibian species are in decline, and 30% face extinction.

- Findings are based on:

• review of past studies

• computer simulations

• current 1.  schemes

- Amphibians are important because they:

• are close to the 2.  of the food chain.

• have biologically interesting adaptations.



Specific species studied

- Mallorcan Midwife Toad:

• Of particular interest because the 3.  carries eggs.

• Major threat: fungus.

- Alpine Salamander:

• Of particular interest because some unborn salamanders 4. 43....... whilst in the womb.

• Major threat: Climate change forces migration to colder, higher areas.

- Common Toad:

• Can't hibernate properly so loses 5. 44......... (in warmer months).
• Major threats: Traffic &6. 45 ......... of breeding grounds.

- Lataste's Frog:

• Found in Po River Valley in Italy.

• Major threat: Habitat disturbed by 7. 46........ and by urban development.



Species most under threat:

- European species.

- Those species facing harriers such as:

• the 8. 47......... .... (for island-dwellers)
• 9. 48 .............. (for one type of salamander)



Strategies for preservation:

- Short-term: captivity programmes.

- Long-term: reduce habitat destruction.